It is a filtering cap. You could change it (I typically like to use a 100uF and 100nF in parallel), but the 22uF should be fine.
Pretty much. The 2n5088 may run a bit hotter than the BC549C, though, which may have an impact on things. I like to use relatively low hFE transistors in the Russian BMP variants.
Socket them or breadboard to see if they make a difference to you. There’s a very real chance that you won’t appreciate a difference.