Is it okay to temporarily use my pedal with a positive center jack? I don't want to do it if it is not a good idea. A positive center jack is also the only power supply jack we have.
Most pedal power supplies are negative center, which means the pin in the center is negative, the outer sleeve is positive.
It'll work fine either way, but you just need to keep that in mind if you ever get rid of the pedal (or use a different power supply).
99% of the PCBs here won't be damaged by the wrong polarity, they just won't function. That isn't the case for some of the other PCB suppliers, so just be aware.