I may be wrong, but I think pretty much all Expression “Inputs” (they’re actually loops) work essentially the same way: they send a voltage (i.e. a CV) out (on either Tip or Ring of a TRS cable), it gets attenuated by the pot in the expression pedal, comes back (on Ring, or Tip, no standardization sadly) and adjusts something in your Effect.
The “problem” is that there’s no standard Expression CV range, that all Effects generate/expect back. So some things, like Moogers might be okay having an external modular voltage (roughly -10 through +10V) plugged straight into it, while other pedals (that might be using/expecting 0 to +5 or 0 to +3V) definitely will not be okay.
The beauty of the VCA approach is that you’re just feeding the the Effect its own CV (through a voltage-modulated gate) so you don’t have to worry about finding the safe range.
A couple caveats: you’ll want a VCA that is at unity when fully open and doesn’t add gain, and one that’s DC-coupled.
But if you poke around the synth DIY world there should be plenty stuff that fits that bill.