I used an app call "Electrodoc Pro" to do the math for me, but you can use the equation for RC filters. I fiddled around with common values to see what got closest. As to knowing which components to change, that just comes from staring at schematics for years.
To be clear, this is an educated guess; I don't have hands on experience with this particular circuit. If it were me, I'd probably breadboard it to see what it sounded like, or build the board with sockets to test values. I routinely find that the cutoff frequency that sounds best isn't what I would have initially guessed.