Can someone help me understand the Capacitor values on these pcbs?

They do actually recover the copper from solution and reuse it for copper deposition on other boards. Unconnected (isolated) copper islands on a PCB are not normally ok. They can make nice little antennas for picking up interference, and would not pass DRC in a PCB design tool.
so are these islands the fault of the PCB maker, the PCB design tool, or the person who used the PCB design tool?
 
so are these islands the fault of the PCB maker, the PCB design tool, or the person who used the PCB design tool?
To me, it looks like designer inexperience. It's definitely not the PCB maker - they only print what you give them. As for the tool, some are better than others at saving you from yourself. When you create a copper zone in Kicad, for instance, it asks you which net you want to connect it to, and even cautions you that choosing "no net" will result in an isolated copper island.
 
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And there’s really no reason to have any zones there at all. Should be only traces the way the person laid it out.
 
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